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This website was previously available at http://railsback.org/PGSG/PGSGmain.html .
The material presented here was generated on behalf of the University of Georgia Sedimentary Geochemistry Laboratory. If you appreciate the availability of this material and would like to support the lab, please send a check made out to "UGA Sedimentary Geochemistry Laboratory" and mail it to this address: UGA Sedimentary Geochemistry Laboratory c/o Bruce Railsback Department of Geology University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-2501 USA Any contributions will support research by University of Georgia students. |
| Table of Contents | ||
| Petroleum Geoscience | ||
| The origin and fate of petroleum | ||
| The nature of petroleum I: chemistry and properties | ||
| The nature of petroleum II: chromatograms of petroleum | ||
| Petroleum accumulations | ||
| The (larger-scale) subsurface environment of petroleum: pressures, temperatures, etc. | ||
| The (smaller-scale) subsurface environment of petroleum: lithology and hydrology | ||
| Seals, and pathways for migration - two ends of a continuum | ||
| Petroleum traps | ||
| The Petroleum System concept | ||
| Petroleum Technology | ||
| Drilling technology | ||
| Exploitation of unconventional petroleum resources | ||
| Subsurface Geology | ||
| Subsurface Geology Preview: maps and cross-sections | ||
| Subsurface Geology I: Logs from boreholes | ||
| Subsurface Geology II: Using logs from boreholes | ||
| Subsurface Geology III: Cross-sections | ||
| Subsurface Geology IV: Contouring Data | ||
| Subsurface Geology V: Maps | ||
| Seismic data | ||
| Other stuff | ||
| The petroleum industry | ||
| Petroleum pedagogy | ||
| Topic | Format | Format |
| The origin and fate of petroleum | ||
| From marine photosynthesis to petroleum | jpg | |
| Organic carbon contents of sediments and source rocks | jpg | |
| The natural history of petroleum | jpg | |
| Scenarios for light and heavy oil I | jpg | |
| Scenarios for light and heavy oil II | jpg | |
| Scenarios for light and heavy oil III | jpg | |
| The nature of petroleum I: chemistry and properties | ||
| Natural carbon-bearing compounds | jpg | |
| Some hydrocarbon compounds common in petroleum | jpg | |
| Phyiscal properties of alkanes | jpg | |
| Characteristics of crude petroleum | jpg | |
| API gravity of some hydrocarbon compounds | jpg | |
| Methane and "natural gas" | jpg | |
| Heat of combustion of some hydrocarbon compounds | jpg | |
| The nature of petroleum II: Chromatograms of petroleum | ||
| Chromatograms of petroleum I: the gas chromatograph | jpg | |
| Chromatograms of petroleum II: chromatograms of gas and oil | jpg | |
| Chromatograms of petroleum III: a whole-oil chromatogram | jpg | |
| Chromatograms of petroleum IV: details of a whole-oil chromatogram | jpg | |
| Chromatograms of petroleum V: oil through time | jpg | |
| Petroleum accumulations | ||
| Categories of hydrocarbon accumulations and sources (a text-rich table) | jpg | |
| Conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons and reservoirs (a graphical alternative to the table above) |
jpg | |
| Conventional and unconventional petroleum accumulations I | jpg | |
| Conventional and unconventional petroleum accumulations II | jpg | |
| Five elements of a (conventional) petroleum accumulation | jpg | |
| The fewer-than-five elements of unconventional petroleum accumulations | jpg | |
| Conventional/discrete vs. unconventional/continuous hydrocarbon accumulations |
jpg | |
| The (larger-scale) subsurface environment of petroleum: pressures, temperatures, etc. | ||
| Typical pressure and temperature conditions in sedimentary basins | jpg | |
| Subsurface pressure and overpressure | jpg | |
| Pressure regimes from onshore to offshore | jpg | |
| Why pressure management is more challenging in deeper water | jpg | |
| Paleogeothermometric indicators, organic diagenesis, and siliciclastic diagenesis |
jpg | |
| Heat flow, thermal conductivity, geothermal gradient, and subsurface temperatures |
jpg | |
| Heat flow, geothermal gradient, and the thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks |
jpg | |
| Depth, density, and the mobility of salt | jpg | |
| Subsalt plays I: basic pros and cons | jpg | |
| Subsalt plays II: subsalt vs. presalt | jpg | |
| The (smaller-scale) subsurface environment of petroleum: lithology and hydrology | ||
| Rocks relevant to petroleum I: hydrology and rheology | jpg | |
| Rocks relevant to petroleum II: reservoirs and seals | jpg | |
| Rocks relevant to petroleum III: origins of unconventional accumulations | jpg | |
| Categorization of pores in sedimentary rocks I | jpg | |
| Categorization of pores in sedimentary rocks II | jpg | |
| Sand mineralogy and plate tectonics | jpg | |
| Wetting surfaces and water saturation in petroleum reservoir rocks | jpg | |
| Vertical segregation of an oil reservoir | jpg | |
| Seals, and pathways for migration - two ends of a continuum | ||
| Migration of petroleum | jpg | |
| Fluids, pores throats, wetting, and interfacial tension | jpg | |
| Buoyancy, seals, and the upward migration of petroleum, Part I | jpg | |
| Buoyancy, seals, and the upward migration of petroleum, Part II | jpg | |
| Buoyancy, seals, and the upward migration of petroleum, Part III | jpg | |
| Faults as seals for traps or as pathways for migration | jpg | |
| Petroleum traps | ||
| Petroleum traps and their tectonic settings | jpg | |
| Some simple traps for petroleum | jpg | |
| Diagenetic traps | jpg | |
| Development of a turtle structure between salt diapirs | jpg | |
| The Petroleum System concept | ||
| The Petroleum System concept | jpg | |
| A time-and-space approach to petroleum systems | jpg | |
| Petroleum systems I: Reefal trap I | jpg | |
| Petroleum systems II: Reefal trap II | jpg | |
| Petroleum systems III: Reefal trap III | jpg | |
| Petroleum systems IV: Reefal trap IV | jpg | |
| Petroleum systems V: Reefal trap V | jpg | |
| Petroleum systems VI: Reefal trap VI | jpg | |
| Petroleum systems VII: Source over reservoir I | jpg | |
| Petroleum systems VIII: Source over reservoir II | jpg | |
| Petroleum systems IX: a rotated pinchout | jpg | |
| Drilling technology | ||
| Tubulars and other drilling technology | jpg | |
| Driving mechanisms for drilling in the early 2000s | jpg | |
| Drilling muds: a table | jpg | |
| Drilling muds I | jpg | |
| Drilling muds II | jpg | |
| Drilling muds III | jpg | |
| Drill-stem tests I: the tester | jpg | |
| Drill-stem tests II: results | jpg | |
| Cuttings from petroleum boreholes | jpg | |
| An excursion into the oilpatch jargon of drilling | jpg | |
| Exploitation of unconventional petroleum resources | ||
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation I: historical and spatial context |
jpg | |
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation II: the process of drilling and fracking |
jpg | |
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation III: fracking design |
jpg | |
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation IV: fractures and proppants |
jpg | |
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation V: proppants and their properties |
jpg | |
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation VI: the fractured volume of rock |
jpg | |
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation VII: layer-parallel drilling |
jpg | |
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation VIII: multiple fracked wells from one pad |
jpg | |
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation IX: (vertical) down-spacing |
jpg | |
| Unconventional petroleum exploitation X: Potential environmental problems with fracking |
jpg | |
| Subsurface Geology Preview: maps and cross-sections | ||
| Maps and cross-sections I | jpg | |
| Maps and cross-sections II | jpg | |
| Maps and cross-sections III | jpg | |
| Maps and cross-sections IV | jpg | |
| Maps and cross-sections V | jpg | |
| Maps and cross-sections VI | jpg | |
| Maps and cross-sections VII | jpg | |
| Subsurface Geology I: Logs from boreholes | ||
| Logs from oil and gas boreholes | jpg | |
| Characteristics of wireline well logs used in the petroleum industry | jpg | |
| (a large-format chart) | ||
| Logs in transitional lithologies | jpg | |
| The origin of spontaneous potential | jpg | |
| Sonic and photoelectric logs as litho-porosity indicators | jpg | |
| Responses of neutron porosity and density porosity logs | jpg | |
| NMR logs I: responses of hydrogen-bearing molecules | jpg | |
| NMR logs II: Distributions of relaxation time T2 | jpg | |
| Appearance of strata in image logs of boreholes 0 | jpg | |
| Appearance of strata in image logs of boreholes I | jpg | |
| Appearance of strata in image logs of boreholes II | jpg | |
| Subsurface Geology II: Using logs from boreholes | ||
| Basic thoughts about wireline logs I: Shale | jpg | |
| Basic thoughts about wireline logs II: Correlation | jpg | |
| Basic thoughts about wireline logs IIa: Correlation | jpg | |
| Basic thoughts about wireline logs III: Correlation and interpretation | jpg | |
| Picking tops | jpg | |
| Identification and interpretation of missing section, Part I | jpg | |
| Identification and interpretation of missing section, Part II | jpg | |
| Identification and interpretation of missing section, Part III | jpg | |
| Identification and interpretation of missing section, Part IV: a summary, in progress | jpg | |
| Identification and interpretation of missing section, Part V: a summary | jpg | |
| Faults and inclined boreholes I: Normal faults | jpg | |
| Faults and inclined boreholes II: Reverse faults | jpg | |
| Subsurface Geology III: Cross-sections | ||
| Structural and stratigraphic cross-sections | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section 0: datums, depths, and elevations | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section I: datum correction | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section II: hanging | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section III: marking tops | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section IV: inferring structure | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section V: a bigger picture | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section VI: correlations | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section VII: missing section | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section VIII: missing section again | jpg | |
| Making a structural cross section IX: a finished product | jpg | |
| Hanging stratigraphic cross sections | jpg | |
| Vertical exaggeration in cross sections | jpg | |
| Rheology and subsurface interpretation I | jpg | |
| Rheologically reasonable cross sections I | jpg | |
| Rheologically reasonable cross sections II | jpg | |
| Rheologically reasonable cross sections III | jpg | |
| Interpretation of single-well anomalies in cross-sections | jpg | |
| Subsurface Geology IV: Contouring Data | ||
| Contouring I | jpg | |
| Contouring II | jpg | |
| Contouring III | jpg | |
| Contouring IVa: common problems | jpg | |
| Contouring IVb: solutions | jpg | |
| Contouring V: parsimony | jpg | |
| Rheology and subsurface interpretation II | jpg | |
| Contouring VI: Contour interval and format of contours | jpg | |
| Subsurface Geology V: Maps | ||
| Penetration maps | jpg | |
| Structure maps, Part I: making a structure map | jpg | |
| Structural maps, Part II: normal faults | jpg | |
| Structural maps, Part III: Intersections of faults and folds | jpg | |
| Isopach maps | jpg | |
| Predicting tops | jpg | |
| Seismic data | ||
| Seismic data and earthquake seismology: a comparison | jpg | |
| The dimensions of seismic data | jpg | |
| Statics corrections for seismic data | jpg | |
| Shot gathers, common midpoint gathers, and stacks | jpg | Why seismic resolution decreases with depth | jpg | Seismic velocity models | jpg |
| Flat spots and bright spots in seismic data | jpg | |
| The petroleum industry | Calculation of recoverable oil | jpg | The price of crude oil 1860-present | jpg | The price of crude oil 1960-present | jpg | The financial context of petroleum exploration and discovery | jpg | Depth of giant petroleum discoveries through time | jpg | Corporate geoscientists, relative to their academic counterparts | jpg | An explanation of the volatility of oil prices | jpg | An explanation of the volatility of oil prices II | jpg | A genealogy of the oil industry | jpg |
| Petroleum pedagogy | A plan for a petroleum geoscience class | jpg |
